correct answer: e
The auricles collect the sound waves and funnel them to the external auditory canal. The various folds in the auricle boost high-frequency components and modify the spectral shape of the sound. These spectral shape cues are the major cues in vertical localization. Further, high frequency sounds are boosted by auricle when they arrive from the front, while, the high frequency sounds are attenuated when they arrive from back. The difference in the spectrum provides a cue for front-back localization.
The role of pinna for localization of sound in the horizontal plane may be considered to be minimal. As the interaural phase or time difference (resulting due to the distance between the two ears, as sound takes more time to reach farther ear) and interaural intensity difference (due to head shadow effect) are the major cues for localization.
The auricles collect the sound waves and funnel them to the external auditory canal. The various folds in the auricle boost high-frequency components and modify the spectral shape of the sound. These spectral shape cues are the major cues in vertical localization. Further, high frequency sounds are boosted by auricle when they arrive from the front, while, the high frequency sounds are attenuated when they arrive from back. The difference in the spectrum provides a cue for front-back localization.
The role of pinna for localization of sound in the horizontal plane may be considered to be minimal. As the interaural phase or time difference (resulting due to the distance between the two ears, as sound takes more time to reach farther ear) and interaural intensity difference (due to head shadow effect) are the major cues for localization.
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